Similar to the chest, the abdomen in children has less protective musculature and subcutaneous tissue, making internal organs more susceptible to injury. In addition, children have a large torso, making abdominal injuries common. As in adults, the abdominal and thoracic cavities can account for a large percentage of occult blood loss in trauma. The liver and spleen are located more anteriorly and inferior in the abdominal space. This puts them at greater risk for trauma, because of the decreased protection from the rib cage and closer proximity to the body surface. The kidneys are also less protected and more mobile in the retroperitoneal space, making them susceptible to direct impact and rapid deceleration injuries.