What can we conclude together from our analysis of the jugular venous pulse? Well, first the central venous pressure. Here is the sternal angle and here is where we saw the undulating movement of the jugular venous pulse. That is a couple of centimeters below the sternal angle. That means the central venous pressure is normal. And then we assessed the wave form, and to help us with that, we used the cotton swab and we clearly observed an impulse just before systole, that is, just before the carotid impulse, and a smaller impulse just after the carotid impulse.

Those two venous impulses, the “a” and the “v” wave are normal impulses. This is a normal jugular venous pulse, both in central venous pressure and in wave form.